Table of Contents

Coastal and Marine Ecosystems & Global Climate Change

Foreword     ii

Executive Summary     iii

I. Introduction    1

II. Effects of Global Climate Change on Coastal Systems    7
        A. Predicted Changes in Environmental Factors     8
        B. Effects on Aquaculture     23
        C. Effects on Disease and Harmful Algal Blooms     24
        D. Other Perspectives on Climate Change     25

III. Effects of Global Climate Change on Open Oceans   26
       A. Effects on Ocean Productivity     26
       B. Effects on Pacific Salmon     29
       C. Effects on the Thermohaline “Conveyor Belt”     30
       D. Effects on Sea Ice     32

IV. Effects of Global Climate Change on Coral Reefs     33
        A. Predicted Changes in Environmental Factors     33
        B. Other Changes     37

V. Conclusions      39

Endnotes       42

References       43