Table of Contents

Multi-Gas Contributors to Global Climate Change: Climate Impacts and Mitigation Costs of Non-CO2 Gases

Foreword    ii

Executive Summary     iii

I. Introduction    1

II. The Science of Radiative Forcing    4
        A. The Earth’s Radiation Balance   4
        B. Large-Scale Human Intervention    7

III. The Relative Importance of the Non-CO2 Gases    12
        A. Characteristics of the Gases    12
        B. An Illustration Using Alternative Emissions Paths    16

IV. Costs of Multiple-Gas Climate Policies    21
        A. Factors Influencing Multi-Gas Cost Estimates    21
        B. Estimates of Multi-Gas Control Costs    27

V. Incorporating Non-CO2 Gases Within a Control Regime    33
        A. Measurement, Monitoring, and Compliance    33
        B. Equivalency Among Emissions of Different Substances    37

VI. Conclusions     41

Endnotes     44

References     45