Table of Contents

Foreword    ii

Executive Summary     iii

I. Introduction    1
        A. China: A Changing Nation     1
        B. Shanghai: A City in Transition    2

II. Shanghai's Transportation Picture     4
       A. Transport Infrastructure: Plans and Investments     7
       B. Vehicle Ownership in Shanghai    8
       C. Motorization in the Coming Decades     10

III. Policies and Strategies   14
       A. Air Quality and Energy     14
       B. Avoiding Gridlock     17
       C. Leapfrog Technology Opportunities    21

IV. Scenarios for the Future     23
       A. Greenhouse Gas Scenarios    23
       B. High Greenhouse Gas Emissions Scenario    26
       C. Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions Scenario    28

V. Conclusion    31

Glossary    34

Appendix    35

End Notes     40